Jawaharlal Nehru Biography – Life, Role in Freedom Struggle, and Legacy.
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964) was a key figure in India’s freedom struggle and became the country’s first Prime Minister, shaping the nation’s future after independence. He was the first Prime Minister of independent India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He dreamed of building a modern India based on equality, secular values, and strong democratic principles.
Early Life and Education
Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 in Allahabad, into a rich and influential family involved in politics. His father, Motilal Nehru, was a successful lawyer and a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress.
Nehru was first taught at home by private tutors. Later, he moved to England for higher studies, attending Harrow School, then Trinity College at Cambridge. He also studied law at the Inner Temple in London. In 1912, he came back to India and started working as a lawyer.
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Entry into Indian Politics
Nehru’s interest in politics was deeply influenced by the nationalist atmosphere and the works of Mahatma Gandhi. He joined the Indian National Congress and quickly rose through its ranks due to his intellect, charisma, and commitment to the cause.
He became a close follower of Mahatma Gandhi and adopted the principles of non-violence and civil disobedience. Nehru actively participated in various movements including:
- Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22)
- Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–34)
- Quit India Movement (1942)
He was imprisoned several times by the British authorities for his role in these movements.
Role in Indian Independence
Nehru was a prominent voice demanding complete independence (Purna Swaraj) from British rule. He served as President of the Indian National Congress multiple times and was a key figure in negotiations with the British government.
After India became independent on 15 August 1947, Nehru took office as the country’s first Prime Minister. He famously delivered the “Tryst with Destiny” speech on the eve of independence, capturing the aspirations of a new nation.
As Prime Minister of India
Nehru remained India’s Prime Minister from 1947 until he passed away in 1964. During his tenure, he focused on:
- Industrialization and Modernization
- Establishment of IITs, AIIMS, and other institutions
- Non-Alignment Movement in foreign policy
- Unity in diversity through secular governance
- Scientific temper and planned economy (Five-Year Plans)
He was instrumental in shaping India’s early democratic and institutional framework. However, challenges like the Indo-China war in 1962 and issues of Kashmir remained difficult periods in his tenure.
Books Written by Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru was also a gifted writer. His famous works include:
- The Discovery of India
- Glimpses of World History
- Letters from a Father to His Daughter
These books reflect his knowledge, philosophical insights, and his deep love for India.
Death and Legacy
Jawaharlal Nehru passed away on 27 May 1964. His passing marked the close of a significant chapter in India’s political history. His legacy lives on through his policies, institutions, and the vision he laid down for India’s development.
Children’s Day is celebrated in India on 14th November, his birthday, to honor his love and affection for children, who fondly called him Chacha Nehru.
5 Important Life Lessons from Jawaharlal Nehru
- Education is the foundation of a nation’s future.
- Unity in diversity must be preserved at all costs.
- Scientific thinking is essential for progress.
- Democracy requires active participation.
- True leadership is about vision, service, and patience.
Final Thoughts
Jawaharlal Nehru was not just India’s first Prime Minister but also its chief architect in shaping a modern nation. His ideas on secularism, democracy, and development continue to inspire India today.