Population of Bihar – Growth, Census Facts and Demographic Trends
Explore the population of Bihar through census facts, demographic patterns, growth trends, literacy rates and key statistics shaping the state’s future.
Population of Bihar
Bihar, one of India’s most historically significant states, is also among the most populous regions in the country. Known as the land of ancient universities, empires, and rich cultural traditions, Bihar has witnessed remarkable demographic changes over the decades. Understanding the population of Bihar is important not only for competitive examinations and general knowledge but also for gaining insight into the state’s social and economic development.
Population trends influence government policies, education planning, healthcare services, employment opportunities, and infrastructure development. This article explores Bihar’s population based on census data, highlights important demographic facts, and examines the trends shaping the state’s future.
Table of Contents
Population of Bihar According to the Census
According to the 2011 Census of India, Bihar had a total population of approximately 10.41 crore (104,099,452 people). This made Bihar the third most populous state in India, after Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.
The state’s large population is spread across its 38 districts, with varying levels of population density and urbanization. Despite its relatively small geographical area compared to many other Indian states, Bihar supports a vast number of inhabitants.
Key Population Facts of Bihar (Census 2011)
- Total Population: 104,099,452
- Male Population: Approximately 54.28 million
- Female Population: Approximately 49.82 million
- Population Rank in India: Third
- Area of Bihar: Around 94,163 square kilometres
- Population Density: 1,106 persons per square kilometre
- Sex Ratio: 918 females per 1,000 males
- Literacy Rate: 61.8%
- Urban Population: Around 11.3%
- Rural Population: Nearly 88.7%
These figures demonstrate that Bihar remains predominantly rural, with agriculture continuing to play a major role in the livelihoods of its residents.
Growth of Population in Bihar
Bihar has experienced continuous population growth since Independence. Improvements in healthcare facilities, declining mortality rates, and a traditionally high birth rate have contributed to this increase.
Between the 2001 and 2011 Census, Bihar recorded a population growth rate of approximately 25.4 percent, which was among the highest in India during that period.
Population Growth Through Census Years
| Census Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1951 | 29.09 million |
| 1961 | 34.84 million |
| 1971 | 42.13 million |
| 1981 | 52.30 million |
| 1991 | 64.53 million |
| 2001 | 82.99 million |
| 2011 | 104.10 million |
The steady rise in population reflects both natural growth and the challenges associated with managing resources for a large population base.
Population Density in Bihar
One of the most notable demographic characteristics of Bihar is its high population density. With 1,106 persons per square kilometre, Bihar had the highest population density among Indian states in the 2011 Census. High density often places pressure on land resources, housing, healthcare systems, and educational institutions.
Districts located in the fertile Gangetic plains generally support larger populations due to favourable agricultural conditions.
Most and Least Populated Districts
Population distribution across Bihar is uneven.
Most Populated District
Patna, the state capital, emerged as the most populated district in Bihar. As an administrative, educational, and economic hub, it attracts migrants from different parts of the state seeking better opportunities.
Least Populated District
Sheikhpura had the lowest population among Bihar’s districts according to the 2011 Census.
Understanding district-wise population patterns helps authorities allocate resources more effectively and plan developmental initiatives.
Rural and Urban Population Trends
Bihar remains predominantly rural despite gradual urban expansion.
Nearly nine out of every ten people in the state reside in villages. Agriculture, animal husbandry, and related occupations continue to support a large segment of the population.
However, urbanization has slowly increased due to factors such as:
- Expansion of educational institutions.
- Growth of service-sector jobs.
- Better transportation facilities.
- Migration towards urban centres.
- Development of municipal infrastructure.
Cities such as Patna, Gaya, Muzaffarpur, and Bhagalpur have experienced steady growth over the years.
Literacy and Population
Population trends cannot be studied independently from literacy. Bihar’s literacy rate of 61.8 percent in 2011 marked a significant improvement from previous decades. Educational awareness has gradually increased, particularly among women and rural communities.
Higher literacy levels often contribute to:
- Improved healthcare awareness.
- Better employment opportunities.
- Reduced fertility rates.
- Enhanced social development.
- Greater participation in decision-making processes.
Continued investment in education remains crucial for Bihar’s long-term demographic stability.
Sex Ratio in Bihar
The sex ratio is an important indicator of social development. Bihar recorded a sex ratio of 918 females per 1,000 males in the 2011 Census. Although improvements have been observed over time, achieving gender balance remains an important developmental objective.
Government initiatives promoting girls’ education, healthcare access, and social welfare have contributed positively to changing attitudes.
Future Population Trends
Experts suggest that Bihar’s population will continue to grow, although the pace of growth may gradually slow due to increasing educational attainment, greater awareness of family planning, and improved healthcare services.
Future demographic priorities for Bihar include:
- Expanding educational facilities.
- Strengthening healthcare systems.
- Generating employment opportunities.
- Improving urban infrastructure.
- Promoting sustainable resource management.
- Enhancing women’s empowerment.
Effective planning will ensure that the state’s large population becomes a valuable human resource contributing to economic progress.
Summary
The population of Bihar reflects both opportunities and challenges. With more than 10 crore residents, the state possesses immense human potential capable of driving social and economic transformation. At the same time, rapid population growth demands careful planning in education, healthcare, employment, and infrastructure.
Also Check: Bihar GK
